Yosua 11:1-5
Konteks11:1 When King Jabin of Hazor 1 heard the news, he organized a coalition, including 2 King Jobab of Madon, the king of Shimron, the king of Acshaph, 11:2 and the northern kings who ruled in 3 the hill country, the Arabah south of Kinnereth, 4 the lowlands, and the heights of Dor to the west. 11:3 Canaanites came 5 from the east and west; Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites from the hill country; and Hivites from below Hermon in the area 6 of Mizpah. 11:4 These kings came out with their armies; they were as numerous as the sand on the seashore and had a large number of horses and chariots. 7 11:5 All these kings gathered and joined forces 8 at the Waters of Merom to fight Israel.
Yosua 11:11
Konteks11:11 They annihilated everyone who lived there with the sword 9 – no one who breathed remained – and burned 10 Hazor.
Yosua 10:1--13:33
Konteks10:1 Adoni-Zedek, king of Jerusalem, 11 heard how Joshua captured Ai and annihilated it and its king as he did Jericho 12 and its king. 13 He also heard how 14 the people of Gibeon made peace with Israel and lived among them. 10:2 All Jerusalem was terrified 15 because Gibeon was a large city, like one of the royal cities. It was larger than Ai and all its men were warriors. 10:3 So King Adoni-Zedek of Jerusalem sent this message to King Hoham of Hebron, King Piram of Jarmuth, King Japhia of Lachish, and King Debir of Eglon: 10:4 “Come to my aid 16 so we can attack Gibeon, for it has made peace with Joshua and the Israelites.” 10:5 So the five Amorite kings (the kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon) and all their troops gathered together and advanced. They deployed their troops and fought against Gibeon. 17
10:6 The men of Gibeon sent this message to Joshua at the camp in Gilgal, “Do not abandon 18 your subjects! 19 Rescue us! Help us! For all the Amorite kings living in the hill country are attacking us.” 20 10:7 So Joshua and his whole army, including the bravest warriors, marched up from Gilgal. 21 10:8 The Lord told Joshua, “Don’t be afraid of them, for I am handing them over to you. 22 Not one of them can resist you.” 23 10:9 Joshua attacked them by surprise after marching all night from Gilgal. 24 10:10 The Lord routed 25 them before Israel. Israel 26 thoroughly defeated them 27 at Gibeon. They chased them up the road to the pass 28 of Beth Horon and struck them down all the way to Azekah and Makkedah. 10:11 As they fled from Israel on the slope leading down from 29 Beth Horon, the Lord threw down on them large hailstones from the sky, 30 all the way to Azekah. They died – in fact, more died from the hailstones than the Israelites killed with the sword.
10:12 The day the Lord delivered the Amorites over to the Israelites, Joshua prayed to the Lord before Israel: 31
“O sun, stand still over Gibeon!
O moon, over the Valley of Aijalon!”
10:13 The sun stood still and the moon stood motionless while the nation took vengeance on its enemies. The event is recorded in the Scroll of the Upright One. 32 The sun stood motionless in the middle of the sky and did not set for about a full day. 33 10:14 There has not been a day like it before or since. The Lord obeyed 34 a man, for the Lord fought for Israel! 10:15 Then Joshua and all Israel returned to the camp at Gilgal.
10:16 The five Amorite kings 35 ran away and hid in the cave at Makkedah. 10:17 Joshua was told, “The five kings have been found hiding in the cave at Makkedah.” 10:18 Joshua said, “Roll large stones over the mouth of the cave and post guards in front of it. 36 10:19 But don’t you delay! Chase your enemies and catch them! 37 Don’t allow them to retreat to 38 their cities, for the Lord your God is handing them over to you.” 39 10:20 Joshua and the Israelites almost totally wiped them out, but some survivors did escape to the fortified cities. 40 10:21 Then the whole army safely returned to Joshua at the camp in Makkedah. 41 No one 42 dared threaten the Israelites. 43 10:22 Joshua said, “Open the cave’s mouth and bring the five kings 44 out of the cave to me.” 10:23 They did as ordered; 45 they brought the five kings 46 out of the cave to him – the kings of Jerusalem, 47 Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon. 10:24 When they brought the kings out to Joshua, he 48 summoned all the men of Israel and said to the commanders of the troops who accompanied him, “Come here 49 and put your feet on the necks of these kings.” So they came up 50 and put their feet on their necks. 10:25 Then Joshua said to them, “Don’t be afraid and don’t panic! 51 Be strong and brave, for the Lord will do the same thing to all your enemies you fight. 10:26 Then Joshua executed them 52 and hung them on five trees. They were left hanging on the trees until evening. 10:27 At sunset Joshua ordered his men to take them down from the trees. 53 They threw them into the cave where they had hidden and piled large stones over the mouth of the cave. (They remain to this very day.) 54
10:28 That day Joshua captured Makkedah and put the sword to it and its king. He annihilated everyone who lived in it; he left no survivors. He did to its king what he had done to the king of Jericho. 55
10:29 Joshua and all Israel marched from Makkedah to Libnah and fought against it. 56 10:30 The Lord handed it and its king over to Israel, and Israel 57 put the sword to all who lived there; they 58 left no survivors. They 59 did to its king what they 60 had done to the king of Jericho. 61
10:31 Joshua and all Israel marched from Libnah to Lachish. He deployed his troops 62 and fought against it. 10:32 The Lord handed Lachish over to Israel and they 63 captured it on the second day. They put the sword to all who lived there, just as they had done to Libnah. 10:33 Then King Horam of Gezer came up to help Lachish, but Joshua struck down him and his army 64 until no survivors remained.
10:34 Joshua and all Israel marched from Lachish to Eglon. They deployed troops 65 and fought against it. 10:35 That day they captured it and put the sword to all who lived there. That day they 66 annihilated it just as they 67 had done to Lachish.
10:36 Joshua and all Israel marched up from Eglon to Hebron and fought against it. 10:37 They captured it and put the sword to its king, all its surrounding cities, and all who lived in it; they 68 left no survivors. As they 69 had done at Eglon, they 70 annihilated it and all who lived there.
10:38 Joshua and all Israel turned to Debir and fought against it. 10:39 They 71 captured it, its king, and all its surrounding cities and put the sword to them. They annihilated everyone who lived there; they 72 left no survivors. They 73 did to Debir and its king what they 74 had done to Libnah and its king and to Hebron. 75
10:40 Joshua defeated the whole land, including the hill country, the Negev, the lowlands, 76 the slopes, and all their kings. He left no survivors. He annihilated everything that breathed, just as the Lord God of Israel had commanded. 10:41 Joshua conquered the area between Kadesh Barnea and Gaza and the whole region of Goshen, all the way to Gibeon. 77 10:42 Joshua captured in one campaign 78 all these kings and their lands, for the Lord God of Israel fought for Israel. 10:43 Then Joshua and all Israel returned to the camp at Gilgal.
11:1 When King Jabin of Hazor 79 heard the news, he organized a coalition, including 80 King Jobab of Madon, the king of Shimron, the king of Acshaph, 11:2 and the northern kings who ruled in 81 the hill country, the Arabah south of Kinnereth, 82 the lowlands, and the heights of Dor to the west. 11:3 Canaanites came 83 from the east and west; Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites from the hill country; and Hivites from below Hermon in the area 84 of Mizpah. 11:4 These kings came out with their armies; they were as numerous as the sand on the seashore and had a large number of horses and chariots. 85 11:5 All these kings gathered and joined forces 86 at the Waters of Merom to fight Israel.
11:6 The Lord told Joshua, “Don’t be afraid of them, for about this time tomorrow I will cause all of them to lie dead before Israel. You must hamstring their horses and burn 87 their chariots.” 11:7 Joshua and his whole army caught them by surprise at the Waters of Merom and attacked them. 88 11:8 The Lord handed them over to Israel and they struck them down and chased them all the way to Greater Sidon, 89 Misrephoth Maim, 90 and the Mizpah Valley to the east. They struck them down until no survivors remained. 11:9 Joshua did to them as the Lord had commanded him; he hamstrung their horses and burned 91 their chariots.
11:10 At that time Joshua turned, captured Hazor, 92 and struck down its king with the sword, for Hazor was at that time 93 the leader of all these kingdoms. 11:11 They annihilated everyone who lived there with the sword 94 – no one who breathed remained – and burned 95 Hazor.
11:12 Joshua captured all these royal cities and all their kings and annihilated them with the sword, 96 as Moses the Lord’s servant had commanded. 11:13 But Israel did not burn any of the cities located on mounds, 97 except for Hazor; 98 it was the only one Joshua burned. 11:14 The Israelites plundered all the goods of these cities and the cattle, but they totally destroyed all the people 99 and allowed no one who breathed to live. 11:15 Moses the Lord’s servant passed on the Lord’s commands to Joshua, and Joshua did as he was told. He did not ignore any of the commands the Lord had given Moses. 100
11:16 Joshua conquered the whole land, 101 including the hill country, all the Negev, all the land of Goshen, the lowlands, 102 the Arabah, the hill country of Israel and its lowlands, 11:17 from Mount Halak on up to Seir, as far as Baal Gad in the Lebanon Valley below Mount Hermon. He captured all their kings and executed them. 103 11:18 Joshua campaigned against 104 these kings for quite some time. 105 11:19 No city made peace with the Israelites (except the Hivites living in Gibeon); 106 they had to conquer all of them, 107 11:20 for the Lord determined to make them obstinate so they would attack Israel. He wanted Israel to annihilate them without mercy, as he had instructed Moses. 108
11:21 At that time Joshua attacked and eliminated the Anakites from the hill country 109 – from Hebron, Debir, Anab, and all the hill country of Judah and Israel. 110 Joshua annihilated them and their cities. 11:22 No Anakites were left in Israelite territory, though some remained in Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod. 11:23 Joshua conquered 111 the whole land, just as the Lord had promised Moses, 112 and he assigned Israel their tribal portions. 113 Then the land was free of war.
12:1 Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites defeated and drove from their land 114 on the east side of the Jordan, 115 from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern Arabah:
12:2 King Sihon of the Amorites who lived 116 in Heshbon and ruled from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley) – including the city in the middle of the valley 117 and half of Gilead – all the way to the Jabbok Valley bordering Ammonite territory. 12:3 His kingdom included 118 the eastern Arabah from the Sea of Kinnereth 119 to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea), 120 including the route to Beth Jeshimoth and the area southward below the slopes of Pisgah.
12:4 The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites, 121 who lived 122 in Ashtaroth and Edrei 12:5 and ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all of Bashan to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead as far as the border of King Sihon of Heshbon.
12:6 Moses the Lord’s servant and the Israelites defeated them and Moses the Lord’s servant assigned their land 123 to Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh.
12:7 These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the Israelites defeated on the west side of the Jordan, from Baal Gad in the Lebanon Valley to Mount Halak on up to Seir. Joshua assigned this territory to the Israelite tribes, 124 12:8 including the hill country, the lowlands, 125 the Arabah, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev – the land of 126 the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites:
12:9 the king of Jericho 127 (one),
the king of Ai – located near Bethel – (one),
12:10 the king of Jerusalem 128 (one),
the king of Hebron (one),
12:11 the king of Jarmuth (one),
the king of Lachish (one),
12:12 the king of Eglon (one),
the king of Gezer (one),
12:13 the king of Debir (one),
the king of Geder (one),
12:14 the king of Hormah (one),
the king of Arad (one),
12:15 the king of Libnah (one),
the king of Adullam (one),
12:16 the king of Makkedah (one),
the king of Bethel 129 (one),
12:17 the king of Tappuah (one),
the king of Hepher (one),
12:18 the king of Aphek (one),
the king of Lasharon (one),
12:19 the king of Madon (one),
the king of Hazor 130 (one),
12:20 the king of Shimron Meron (one),
the king of Acshaph (one),
12:21 the king of Taanach (one),
the king of Megiddo 131 (one),
12:22 the king of Kedesh (one),
the king of Jokneam near Carmel (one),
12:23 the king of Dor – near Naphath Dor – (one),
the king of Goyim – near Gilgal – (one),
12:24 the king of Tirzah (one),
a total of thirty-one kings.
13:1 When Joshua was very old, 132 the Lord told him, “You are very old, and a great deal of land remains to be conquered. 13:2 This is the land that remains: all the territory of the Philistines and all the Geshurites, 13:3 from the Shihor River 133 east of 134 Egypt northward to the territory of Ekron (it is regarded as Canaanite territory), 135 including the area belonging to the five Philistine lords who ruled in Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron, as well as Avvite land 136 13:4 to the south; 137 all the Canaanite territory, 138 from Arah 139 in the region of Sidon 140 to Aphek, as far as Amorite territory; 13:5 the territory of Byblos 141 and all Lebanon to the east, from Baal Gad below Mount Hermon to Lebo Hamath. 142 13:6 I will drive out before the Israelites all who live in the hill country from Lebanon to Misrephoth Maim, 143 all the Sidonians; you be sure to parcel it out to Israel as I instructed you.” 144 13:7 Now, divide up this land 145 among the nine tribes and the half-tribe of Manasseh.”
13:8 The other half of Manasseh, 146 Reuben, and Gad received their allotted tribal lands beyond the Jordan, 147 just as Moses, the Lord’s servant, had assigned them. 13:9 Their territory started 148 from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley), included the city in the middle of the valley, the whole plain of Medeba as far as Dibon, 13:10 and all the cities of King Sihon of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon, and ended at the Ammonite border. 13:11 Their territory also included 149 Gilead, Geshurite and Maacathite territory, all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah – 13:12 the whole kingdom of Og in Bashan, who ruled in Ashtaroth and Edrei. (He was one of the few remaining Rephaites.) 150 Moses defeated them and took their lands. 151 13:13 But the Israelites did not conquer 152 the Geshurites and Maacathites; Geshur and Maacah live among Israel to this very day. 13:14 However, Moses 153 did not assign land as an inheritance 154 to the Levites; their inheritance 155 is the sacrificial offerings 156 made to the Lord God of Israel, as he instructed 157 them.
13:15 Moses assigned land to the tribe of Reuben 158 by its clans. 13:16 Their territory started at Aroer 159 (on the edge of the Arnon Valley) and included the city in the middle of the valley, the whole plain of Medeba, 13:17 Heshbon and all its surrounding cities on the plain, including Dibon, Bamoth Baal, Beth Baal Meon, 13:18 Jahaz, Kedemoth, Mephaath, 13:19 Kiriathaim, Sibmah, Zereth Shahar on the hill in the valley, 13:20 Beth Peor, the slopes of Pisgah, and Beth Jeshimoth. 13:21 It encompassed 160 all the cities of the plain and the whole realm of King Sihon of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon. Moses defeated him and the Midianite leaders Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba (they were subjects of Sihon and lived in his territory). 161 13:22 The Israelites killed Balaam son of Beor, the omen reader, 162 along with the others. 163 13:23 The border of the tribe of Reuben was the Jordan. The land allotted to the tribe of Reuben by its clans included these cities and their towns. 164
13:24 Moses assigned land to the tribe of Gad 165 by its clans. 13:25 Their territory included Jazer, all the cities of Gilead, and half of Ammonite territory 166 as far as Aroer near 167 Rabbah. 13:26 Their territory ran 168 from Heshbon to Ramath Mizpah and Betonim, and from Mahanaim to the territory of Debir. 13:27 It included the valley of Beth Haram, 169 Beth Nimrah, Succoth, and Zaphon, and the rest of the realm of King Sihon of Heshbon, the area east of the Jordan to the end of the Sea of Kinnereth. 170 13:28 The land allotted to the tribe of Gad by its clans included these cities and their towns. 171
13:29 Moses assigned land to the half-tribe of Manasseh 172 by its clans. 13:30 Their territory started at 173 Mahanaim and encompassed all Bashan, the whole realm of King Og of Bashan, including all sixty cities in Havvoth Jair 174 in Bashan. 13:31 Half of Gilead, Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities in the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were assigned to the descendants of Makir son of Manasseh, to half the descendants of Makir by their clans.
13:32 These are the land assignments made by Moses 175 on the plains of Moab east of the Jordan River opposite Jericho. 176 13:33 However, Moses did not assign land as an inheritance 177 to the Levites; their inheritance 178 is the Lord God of Israel, as he instructed 179 them.
[11:1] 1 map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.
[11:2] 3 tn Heb “and to the kings who [are] from the north in.”
[11:2] 4 tn Heb “Chinneroth,” a city and plain located in the territory of Naphtali in Galilee (BDB 490 s.v. כִּנֶּרֶת, כִּנֲרוֹת).
[11:2] sn Kinnereth was a city in Galilee located near the Sea of Galilee (Deut 3:17). The surrounding region also became known by this name (1 Kgs 15:20; cf. Matt 14:34), and eventually even the lake itself (Josh 12:3; cf. Luke 5:1).
[11:3] 5 tn The verb “came” is supplied in the translation (see v. 4).
[11:4] 7 tn Heb “They and all their camps with them came out, a people as numerous as the sand which is on the edge of the sea in multitude, and [with] horses and chariots very numerous.”
[11:5] 8 tn Heb “and came and camped together.”
[11:11] 9 tn Heb “and they struck down all life which was in it with the edge of the sword, annihilating.”
[11:11] 10 tn Heb “burned with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.
[10:1] 11 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[10:1] 12 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[10:1] 13 tn Heb “as he had done to Jericho and to its king, so he did to Ai and to its king.”
[10:2] 15 tn This statement is subordinated to v. 1 in the Hebrew text, which reads literally, “When Adoni-Zedek…they feared greatly.” The subject of the plural verb at the beginning of v. 2 is probably the residents of Jerusalem.
[10:4] 16 tn Heb “Come up to me and help me.”
[10:5] 17 tn Heb “and they camped against Gibeon and fought against it.”
[10:6] 18 tn Heb “do not let your hand drop from us.”
[10:6] 19 tn Heb “your servants!”
[10:6] 20 tn Heb “have gathered against us.”
[10:7] 21 tn Heb “And Joshua went up from Gilgal, he and all the people of war with him, and all the brave warriors.”
[10:8] 22 tn Heb “I have given them into your hand.” The verbal form is a perfect of certitude, emphasizing the certainty of the action.
[10:8] 23 tn Heb “and not a man [or “one”] of them will stand before you.”
[10:9] 24 tn Heb “Joshua came upon them suddenly, all the night he went up from Gilgal.”
[10:10] 25 tn Or “caused to panic.”
[10:10] 26 tn Heb “he.” The referent is probably Israel (mentioned at the end of the previous sentence in the verse; cf. NIV, NRSV), but it is also possible that the
[10:10] 27 tn Heb “struck them down with a great striking down.”
[10:11] 29 tn Heb “on the descent of.”
[10:11] 30 tn Or “heaven” (also in v. 13). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
[10:12] 31 tn Heb “Then Joshua spoke to the
[10:13] 32 tn Heb “Is it not written down in the Scroll of the Upright One.” Many modern translations render, “the Scroll [or Book] of Jashar,” leaving the Hebrew name “Jashar” (which means “Upright One”) untranslated.
[10:13] sn The Scroll of the Upright One was apparently an ancient Israelite collection of songs and prayers (see also 2 Sam 1:18).
[10:13] 33 tn Heb “and did not hurry to set [for] about a full day.”
[10:14] 34 tn Heb “listened to the voice of.”
[10:16] 35 tn Heb “these five kings.”
[10:18] 36 tn Heb “and appoint by it men to guard them.”
[10:19] 37 tn Heb “But [as for] you, don’t stand still, chase after your enemies and attack them from the rear.”
[10:19] 38 tn Or “enter into.”
[10:19] 39 tn Heb “has given them into your hand.” The verbal form is a perfect of certitude, emphasizing the certainty of the action.
[10:20] 40 tn Heb “When Joshua and the sons of Israel finished defeating them with a very great defeat until they were destroyed (now the survivors escaped to the fortified cities).” In the Hebrew text the initial temporal clause (“when Joshua…finished”) is subordinated to v. 21 (“the whole army returned”).
[10:21] 41 tn Heb “all the people returned to the camp, to Joshua [at] Makkedah [in] peace.”
[10:21] 42 tc Heb “No man.” The lamed (ל) prefixed to אִישׁ (’ish, “man”) is probably dittographic (note the immediately preceding יִשְׂרָאֵל [isra’el] which ends in lamed, ל); cf. the LXX.
[10:21] 43 tn Heb “no man sharpened [or perhaps, “pointed”] his tongue against the sons of Israel.” Cf. NEB “not a man of the Israelites suffered so much as a scratch on his tongue,” which understands “sharpened” as “scratched” (referring to a minor wound). Most modern translations understand the Hebrew expression “sharpened his tongue” figuratively for opposition or threats against the Israelites.
[10:22] 44 tn Heb “these five kings.”
[10:23] 45 tn Heb “they did so.”
[10:23] 46 tn Heb “these five kings.”
[10:23] 47 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[10:24] 48 tn Heb “Joshua.” The translation has replaced the proper name with the pronoun (“he”) because a repetition of the proper name here would be redundant according to English style.
[10:25] 51 tn Or perhaps “and don’t get discouraged!”
[10:26] 52 tn Heb “struck them down and killed them.”
[10:27] 53 sn For the legal background of the removal of the corpses before sundown, see Deut 21:22-23.
[10:27] 54 tn Heb “to this very day.” The words “They remain” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[10:28] 55 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[10:29] 56 tn Heb “Libnah.” Repetition of the proper name here would be redundant according to English style, so the pronoun (“it”) has been employed in the translation.
[10:30] 57 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:30] 58 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:30] 59 tn Heb “He”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:30] 60 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:30] 61 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[10:31] 62 tn Heb “encamped against it.”
[10:32] 63 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:34] 65 tn Heb “they encamped against it.”
[10:35] 66 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:35] 67 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:37] 68 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:37] 69 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:37] 70 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:39] 71 tn Heb “He”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:39] 72 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:39] 73 tn Heb “He”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:39] 74 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:39] 75 tn Heb “as he did to Hebron, so he did to Debir and its king, and as he did to Libnah and its king.” The clauses have been rearranged in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[10:40] 76 tn Or “foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”
[10:41] 77 tn Heb “and Joshua struck them down, from Kadesh Barnea even to Gaza, and all the land of Goshen, even to Gibeon.”
[10:42] 78 tn Heb “at one time.”
[11:1] 79 map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.
[11:1] 80 tn Heb “he sent to.”
[11:2] 81 tn Heb “and to the kings who [are] from the north in.”
[11:2] 82 tn Heb “Chinneroth,” a city and plain located in the territory of Naphtali in Galilee (BDB 490 s.v. כִּנֶּרֶת, כִּנֲרוֹת).
[11:2] sn Kinnereth was a city in Galilee located near the Sea of Galilee (Deut 3:17). The surrounding region also became known by this name (1 Kgs 15:20; cf. Matt 14:34), and eventually even the lake itself (Josh 12:3; cf. Luke 5:1).
[11:3] 83 tn The verb “came” is supplied in the translation (see v. 4).
[11:4] 85 tn Heb “They and all their camps with them came out, a people as numerous as the sand which is on the edge of the sea in multitude, and [with] horses and chariots very numerous.”
[11:5] 86 tn Heb “and came and camped together.”
[11:6] 87 tn Heb “burn with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.
[11:7] 88 tn Heb “Joshua and all the people of war with him came upon them at the Waters of Merom suddenly and fell upon them.”
[11:8] 89 map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.
[11:8] 90 tn The meaning of the Hebrew name “Misrephoth Maim” is perhaps “lime-kilns by the water” (see HALOT 2:641).
[11:9] 91 tn Heb “burned with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.
[11:10] 92 map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.
[11:11] 94 tn Heb “and they struck down all life which was in it with the edge of the sword, annihilating.”
[11:11] 95 tn Heb “burned with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.
[11:12] 96 tn Heb “and he struck them down with the edge of the sword, he annihilated them.”
[11:13] 97 tn Heb “standing on their mounds.”
[11:13] 98 map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.
[11:14] 99 tn Heb “but all the people they struck down with the edge of the sword until they destroyed them.”
[11:15] 100 tn Heb “As the
[11:16] 101 tn Heb “Joshua took all this land.”
[11:16] 102 tn Or “foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”
[11:17] 103 tn Heb “and struck them down and killed them.”
[11:18] 104 tn Heb “made war with.”
[11:18] 105 tn Heb “for many days.”
[11:19] 106 tn The LXX omits this parenthetical note, which may represent a later scribal addition.
[11:19] 107 tn Heb “the whole they took in battle.”
[11:20] 108 tn Heb “for from the
[11:21] 109 tn Heb “went and cut off the Anakites from the hill country.”
[11:21] 110 tn Heb “and from all the hill country of Israel.”
[11:23] 112 tn Heb “according to all which the
[11:23] 113 tn Heb “and Joshua gave it for an inheritance to Israel according to their allotted portions by their tribes.”
[12:1] 114 tn Heb “and took possession of their land.”
[12:1] 115 tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun.”
[12:2] 116 tn Or perhaps, “reigned.”
[12:2] 117 tc The MT reads here, “and the middle of the valley,” but the reading “the city in the middle of valley” can be reconstructed on the basis of Josh 13:9, 16.
[12:3] 118 tn The words “his kingdom included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[12:3] 119 sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.
[12:3] 120 sn The Salt Sea is another name for the Dead Sea.
[12:4] 121 tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”
[12:4] sn The Rephaites were apparently an extremely tall ethnic group. See Deut 2:10-11, 20; 3:11.
[12:4] 122 tn Or perhaps “who reigned.”
[12:6] 123 tn Heb “gave it for a possession.”
[12:7] 124 tn Heb “Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel as a possession according to their allotted portions.”
[12:8] 125 tn Or “the foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”
[12:8] 126 tn The words “the land of” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[12:9] 127 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[12:10] 128 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[12:16] 129 map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.
[12:19] 130 map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.
[12:21] 131 map For location see Map1 D4; Map2 C1; Map4 C2; Map5 F2; Map7 B1.
[13:1] 132 tn Heb “was old, coming into the days.” This expression, referring to advancing in years, also occurs in the following clause.
[13:3] 133 tn Heb “the Shihor”; the word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.
[13:3] 134 tn Heb “in front of.”
[13:3] 135 tn Heb “it is reckoned to the Canaanites.”
[13:3] 136 tn Heb “the five lords of the Philistines, the Gazaite, the Ashdodite, the Ashkelonite, the Gathite, and the Ekronite, and the Avvites.”
[13:4] 137 tn Or “from Teman.” The phrase is especially problematic if taken with what follows, as the traditional verse division suggests. For further discussion see T. C. Butler, Joshua (WBC), 146.
[13:4] 138 tn Heb “all the land of the Canaanites.”
[13:4] 139 tc The reading “Arah” assumes a slight emendation of the Hebrew vowel pointing. The MT reads, “and a cave,” or “and Mearah” (if one understands the word as a proper noun).
[13:4] 140 tn Heb “which belongs to the Sidonians.”
[13:4] map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.
[13:5] 141 tn Heb “and the land of the Gebalites.”
[13:5] 142 tn Or “the entrance to Hamath.” Most modern translations take the phrase “Lebo Hamath” to be a proper name, but often provide a note with the alternative, where “Hamath” is the proper name and לְבוֹא (lÿvo’) is taken to mean “entrance to.”
[13:6] 143 tn The meaning of the Hebrew name “Misrephoth Maim” is perhaps “lime-kilns by the water” (see HALOT 2:641).
[13:6] 144 tn Heb “only you, assign it by lots to Israel as an inheritance as I commanded you.”
[13:7] 145 tn Heb “now apportion this land as an inheritance.”
[13:8] 146 tn The MT reads “with him,” which is problematic, since the reference would be to the other half of the tribe of Manasseh (not the half mentioned in v. 7).
[13:8] 147 tn Heb “received their inheritance, which Moses had assigned to them beyond the Jordan.”
[13:9] 148 tn The words “their territory started” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[13:11] 149 tn The words “their territory also included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[13:12] 150 tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”
[13:12] sn The Rephaites were apparently an extremely tall ethnic group. See Deut 2:10-11, 20; 3:11.
[13:12] 151 tn Or “dispossessed them.”
[13:13] 152 tn Or “dispossess.”
[13:14] 153 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[13:14] 154 tn Heb “did not assign an inheritance.”
[13:14] 155 tn That is, “their source of food and life.”
[13:14] 156 tn Or “offerings made by fire.”
[13:14] 157 tn Or “promised” (Heb “spoke”).
[13:14] sn For the background of this observation, see Deut 18:1-2.
[13:15] 158 tn Heb “assigned to the sons of Reuben.”
[13:16] 159 tn Heb “their territory was from.”
[13:21] 160 tn The words “it encompassed” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[13:21] 161 tn Heb “princes of Sihon, inhabitants of the land.”
[13:22] 163 tn Heb “Balaam son of Beor, the omen-reader, the Israelites killed with the sword, along with their slain ones.”
[13:23] 164 tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Reuben by their clans, the cities and their towns.”
[13:24] 165 tn Heb “assigned to the tribe of Gad, to the sons of Gad.”
[13:25] 166 tn Heb “and half of the land of the sons of Ammon.”
[13:25] 167 tn Heb “in front of.”
[13:26] 168 tn The words “Their territory ran” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification.
[13:27] 169 tn Or “it included in the valley, Beth Haram.”
[13:27] 170 sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.
[13:28] 171 tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Gad by their clans, the cities and their towns.”
[13:29] 172 tn Heb “assigned to the half-tribe of Manasseh, and it belonged to the half-tribe of Manasseh.”
[13:30] 173 tn The words “their territory started at” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification.
[13:30] 174 sn The Hebrew name Havvoth Jair means “the tent villages of Jair.”
[13:32] 175 tn Heb “These are [the lands] which Moses gave as an inheritance.”
[13:32] 176 tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, east of Jericho.” The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.
[13:32] map For the location of Jericho see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[13:33] 177 tn Heb “Moses did not assign an inheritance.” The word “land” has been supplied in the translation to clarify what the inheritance consisted of.
[13:33] 178 tn That is, “their source of food and life.”
[13:33] 179 tn Or “as he promised”; Heb “as he spoke to.”
[13:33] sn For the background of this observation, see Deut 18:1-2.
